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25 Mayıs 2015 Pazartesi

Modern Media in Turkey and Research of Media’s Problems

Modern Media in Turkey and Research of Media’s Problems

“Media is a important concept which make information and works on to spread out the news to it’s community. This concept covers radio, television, visual and audio tools as well as newspapers, science magazine, and the others tools for media too. Nevertheless, it covers electronic media tools that  presented to people end of the 20.th century” (www.cgd.org.tr 26th December 2011)
“Media communication tools has a power to effect the people’s feelings, decisions and their believes. This power sometimes gets change people’s attitude and behavior and can be a model for them. The changing with media can be posivitive and negative either” (www.tgc.org.tr 26th December 2011)
Moreover It can show differences community to community or  in the same community in different times. The Media can be said that has two faces for community. An example for these; Media can be a qualitative power which is useful for its community and culture, It can also turn gun which is malevolent for it’s community , not care of people’ decision, damage the people’ brain with it’s idea. “Technical differences also can be seen with  “ Media Revolution”  exactly in 90’s year in Turkey. Several international, national and local qualification television channels started  their broadcasting life.”( ilef.ankara.edu.tr 26 th December 2011) There are also some problems can be seen after date. At the same time , Over a thousand radio station was added that broadcasted national and international scale. Nevertheless the developed technologies using spread out and than It gave a chance to reach to much audience number for media. If we think, it could reach with power of the media and the result of this ,if it takes into account of real direct relationship between the amount of numerical of individuals who it could effect , It is seen obviously that , fast innovations which is seen in the field of mass communication technology , is seen obviously ,it added power the power to Turkish media's power.
Basic Problems of Media in Turkey
 There are three basic problems in Turkey according to Journalists Union and Journalists Association.
        Monopolization- Anti Unionism- Corruption in Media
“It can be introduced as danger to became a trend in last years for Turkish Media. Monopolization, is not an issue related for media and media crew. As directly or indirectly , It has quality which is very important to  effect the whole community and  can constitute social or political matters. A kind of serious monopolization threat the freedom of press and Media workers” (http://www.tegim.com/egitim/dosyalar/a-d-bolumler/basin/2013-turkiyede-medyanin-sorunlari-ve-cozum-onerileri.html 27th December 2011)
It is not just about threatening  or it’s quality. Freedom of Press, Freedom of Communication, Freedom of Received News, Freedom of Expression can be introduced as justice and independent of  media which take a part in basic democracy. Thus If freedom of press was under the threat or got remove means is “ Democracy system can not fixed” . As Nail Güreli ’s said “ General meaning of freedom of press is an topic which is more important than media workers personal rights and their independent. Because Freedom of Press secures people by giving them right to receive news from community and learn to reality”. (Nebiler, 1995:  pg;22)

Monopolization in the media is not just about threatening the freedom of press, freedom of the democratic system and to learn the facts. All of them, as well as individual freedoms, and in connection with the Media elite, media professional ethics also suffers in the situation. Media working ethic is gradually weakening and the principles of professional press does not listen, so that requirements of the profession also has been encountered among the media elite frequently.


When the view of presidents of media company about monopolization was examined , all of them accepted the threat of monopolization for media future. “They listed  the 5 problems of media and media workers such as;
* Ethic decay and media workers moral over

* Freedom of media workers or problem of elite independent.

* Problem of media quality.

* Relationship among media and politica.
               
* Safety problem of media workers.” (GÖNENÇ, Ö.frw from; http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/iletisim/?page=template-dergi/detail&int_Id=4 27th December 2011)



        According to Media workers “The problems of Media”
The basic problems of Media in Turkey for workers
%
Political ineffectiveness
3
Legal arrangements problems
3
Occupationally ethic problems
27
Democracy in Company
4
Safety Problems for Workers
7
Freedom, Elite Independent
20
Education Inadequacy for workers – Economical matters
3
Freedom and Economical Matters
3
Promotion- Quality problem of Media
20
Relationship among Media and Politica
10
Table -1

        As it has seen, the main problems in the media has been expressed  by media workers. Inn addition , %70 of written media was managing and controlling by BİMAŞ (which has been created by two big media company in Turkey) company. It is definitely a clue about monopolization in 90’s Turkish Media.
        As a result of monopolies emerge as the most important issue in Turkish media sector as in many countries around the world. “In this case, the organizational structure of media institutions should be mentioned briefly; Among the organizational structure of media institutions and media products have shown a very closer relationship in old research. So that These organization structures often exhibit a hierarchical situation between power and control. Power and control concentrated at the top especially in hierarchical structure.” (KARAHİSARs, Tuba. Essay, frw from; http://www.dorduncukuvvetmedya.com/4120-basin-sektoru.html  27th December 2011) On the other hand , Many researchers who study the media supported that some media company managed by forces out of companies.
        The second  problem is about “Syndicating”. “The syndicating, established a relationship regularly with the media  and has been obliged  to labor issues and seeks to provide support. ” (http://www.sendikaliol.org/neden_sendika.html, 27th December 2011)
“The union and political party are in a relationship to institutions and organizations. Amendments to the law for workers’ right and interests or for the benefit of the employees strive to remove the new laws. The Union has been obliged to labor issues in the international area. Workers and workers’ organizations of other countries will exchange experiences. So that It works to develop common solutions to common problems and provides international solidarity”(ADAKLI G; frw from; http://www.sendika.org/yazi.php?yazi_no=2507 27th December 2011) . After these descriptions, Power of Syndicate’s power can be understood. An example for syndicating is , when a workers who works for media join the Union. They can have rights for sanction  to their company. It can be a point of media companies not to want these kind of activities because of the companies always send away their workers easily.  It’s  means briefly is “ a kind of assurance for workers”.
            The last problem that  we counted  is corruption in media. It became a problem after Turkish media had variety of companies area. The companies who has media department in their company, do several business  out of press department. So that they have ceased to be  the classic media company. They became companies where work as each jobs and each area.
Owners of media organizations have ceased to be media elites and they became business elites of the world’s leading economy. In the classic words, They have grown in to a holding . Thus Everything about media condensed to advertising their products.      
CONCLUSION
        If all of these problems and situation of media summarize briefly, Media has became a major social force with the rapid developments in the field of mass communication. This determination also applies to Turkish society nowadays. Turkish media also has became fourth power by a result of developments occurring in the last decade. Moreover It started to describe as a strong partner by Politician Elite.
        On the other hand, This striking power brought the serious problems into the media such as monopolization, union-busting ( anti-syndicating ) threats to the independence of the elite, deviations from media professional ethics, promotional problems, problems of product quality …etc. This kind of problems are not just for workers. It  also effects  to whole community and democratic systems. The record shows that the media are important for democratic societies, in some cases it has also became an element to turn into a serious threat to democratic life.
                              








BIBLIOGRAPHY
tgc.org.tr  (Turkish Journalists 
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